What clause in Article VI states that national laws and treaties are superior to state laws?

The Supremacy Clause, found in Article VI of the United States Constitution, establishes that the Constitution, along with federal laws and treaties, takes precedence over state laws. This foundational principle ensures a unified national legal framework, preventing states from enacting laws that contradict federal legislation or the Constitution itself.

By affirming the superiority of national laws, the Supremacy Clause plays a crucial role in maintaining the rule of law across the country, allowing the federal government to assert its authority in situations where state laws may create conflicts or inconsistencies. This aspect is vital in preserving the coherence of the legal system, particularly in areas where uniformity is essential, such as commerce and civil rights.

The other clauses mentioned in the options serve different purposes: the Commerce Clause regulates interstate commerce, the Due Process Clause ensures fair legal proceedings, and the Equal Protection Clause prohibits discrimination under the law. While these clauses are important for various aspects of the law and government function, they do not address the hierarchical structure between state and federal authority as the Supremacy Clause does.