What is judicial review primarily concerned with?

Judicial review is primarily concerned with ensuring that laws and government actions are consistent with the Constitution. This process allows courts, especially the Supreme Court, to evaluate and invalidate legislation, executive orders, or other government actions if they are found to violate constitutional principles. The notion of judicial review was established in the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison in 1803, which set the precedent for the judiciary's role in interpreting the Constitution and maintaining the rule of law.

In contrast, the other options address different areas of government operations. The effectiveness of legislation relates to its implementation and impact rather than its constitutional standing. Enforcement of executive orders pertains to the actions taken by the executive branch, which may or may not involve constitutional scrutiny. International law compliance focuses on treaties and agreements with other nations, which is outside the scope of judicial review as it primarily deals with domestic legal frameworks.