What landmark case established judicial review?

The landmark case that established judicial review is Marbury v. Madison. This 1803 Supreme Court decision set a crucial precedent by affirming the power of the judiciary to invalidate laws that are deemed unconstitutional. Judicial review allows courts to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches, ensuring that no laws or government actions can violate the principles outlined in the Constitution.

In Marbury v. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall articulated the importance of judicial review, asserting that it is the duty of the judiciary to say what the law is and to ensure that any conflicting legislation is nullified. This foundational ruling fundamentally shaped the authority of the Supreme Court and the balance of power within the U.S. government, establishing the judiciary as an independent and essential branch capable of challenging the actions of the other branches.

Understanding this case is crucial for grasping how the U.S. legal system interprets laws and safeguards the Constitution against potential overreach by the government.