What principle refers to the distribution of powers among the branches of government?

The principle that refers to the distribution of powers among the branches of government is separation of powers. This concept, which is foundational to the structure of the United States government, establishes that the legislative, executive, and judicial branches each have distinct responsibilities and powers. This division is designed to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful and ensures that each branch operates independently while still being able to hold each other accountable.

Separation of powers is crucial for maintaining a balanced system of governance, as it allows for a system in which laws are made, enforced, and interpreted by different bodies. This arrangement promotes efficiency and effectiveness, while safeguarding the liberties of citizens by reducing the risk of tyranny.

The other principles mentioned, such as federalism, checks and balances, and delegated powers, while related to the functioning of government, do not specifically address the distribution of powers among the branches. Federalism refers to the division of power between the national and state governments, checks and balances are mechanisms put in place to ensure that no branch exceeds its authority, and delegated powers are those specifically assigned to the federal government by the Constitution. Thus, separation of powers directly aligns with the concept of distributing authority among the branches of government.