Which clause of Article I, Section 8 gives Congress the authority to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out its powers?

The correct answer is the Necessary and Proper clause, which is found in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution. This clause grants Congress the authority to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" for carrying out its enumerated powers. The significance of this clause lies in its broad interpretation that allows Congress to enact legislation that is not explicitly listed in the Constitution, as long as it is in pursuit of exercising its constitutionally delegated powers.

This flexibility has enabled Congress to adapt to changing circumstances and address issues that the framers of the Constitution could not have anticipated. For example, this clause has been the basis for a wide range of federal laws, from creating a national bank to regulating interstate commerce.

The other options refer to different provisions or concepts within constitutional law. The Elastic clause refers to the broad interpretation of the Necessary and Proper clause; however, it is not the specific name used in the Constitution. The Supremacy clause establishes that federal law takes precedence over state laws, and the Establishment clause deals with the prohibition of establishing a national religion. Each of these plays a unique role in the framework of American governance, but they do not specifically provide Congress with the direct authority to legislate necessary and proper laws as the Necessary