Which congressional process involves the examination of the executive branch's activities?

The correct choice, Congressional Oversight, refers to the process by which Congress monitors and evaluates the actions and activities of the executive branch. This includes reviewing the implementation of federal laws, ensuring accountability, and examining agency operations to make sure they align with legislative intent. Through various committees and hearings, Congress can investigate executive actions, summon officials for questioning, and review reports and data to ensure transparency and appropriate execution of laws.

This oversight is a critical function of Congress because it helps maintain the balance of power within the federal government, allowing legislators to hold the executive branch accountable for its actions and decisions. Activities might include appropriations oversight, inquiries into specific programs, and scrutinizing the effectiveness of federal agencies. The process is essential for maintaining checks and balances as established by the U.S. Constitution.

The other options do not accurately describe this specific process. Legislative Review generally refers to assessing proposed legislation rather than oversight of executive branch activities. Judicial Oversight pertains to the judiciary's role in reviewing legislative and executive actions, which is separate from Congress's function. Executive Surveillance is not a formal term widely recognized in the context of governmental processes, as it lacks the established framework of Congressional oversight.