Which document outlines the foundational principles of the American government?

The Constitution is the foundational document that establishes the framework for the government of the United States. It outlines the structure of government, delineates the powers of each branch, and establishes the relationship between the federal government and the states. The principles enshrined in the Constitution, such as the separation of powers, checks and balances, and the system of federalism, are central to the American political system.

In contrast, the Articles of Confederation served as the first governing document but ultimately proved ineffective, leading to the need for a stronger federal government, which the Constitution addressed. The Declaration of Independence, while crucial as a statement of the colonies' intent to separate from British rule, primarily articulates grievances and philosophical justifications rather than a blueprint for governance. The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments to the Constitution and provides specific protections for individual liberties but does not itself establish governance principles.