Which of the following powers is specifically denied to the states?

The power specifically denied to the states is making treaties with foreign governments. This limitation is clearly established by the U.S. Constitution, which grants the exclusive authority to negotiate and enter into treaties to the federal government, specifically the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate.

Allowing individual states to make treaties could lead to conflicts between states and the federal government and undermine national unity and foreign policy coherence. It is crucial for the federal government to have the exclusive right to manage diplomatic relations to ensure a consistent stance in international affairs.

In contrast, states retain the power to levy taxes, regulate commerce within their borders, and establish local governments, as these functions are essential for managing local affairs and economic systems. These powers help states govern their internal matters effectively while maintaining their sovereignty within the framework of the federal government.