Which powers are reserved for the states and not specifically delegated to the national government?

The correct answer is reserved powers, which are specifically defined in the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. This amendment states that powers not delegated to the federal government, nor prohibited to the states, are reserved to the states or the people. Reserved powers allow states to legislate and regulate on a wide range of issues, such as education, transportation, and local law enforcement, which are not addressed by the federal government.

In contrast, expressed powers refer to those explicitly listed in the Constitution, primarily associated with federal authority, such as the power to tax and regulate commerce. Implied powers, derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause, enable the federal government to take actions that are not explicitly stated in the Constitution but are deemed necessary to execute expressed powers. Inherent powers are those that the national government may exercise simply because it is a government, such as the ability to control immigration and conduct foreign affairs. These powers, however, do not fall under the category of reserved powers, which are fundamentally about state authority.