Which principle involves the distribution of responsibilities among branches of government?

The distribution of responsibilities among branches of government is best captured by the principle of separation of powers. This principle is fundamental in ensuring that no single branch of government—executive, legislative, or judicial—holds too much power. Each branch is assigned specific functions and responsibilities, which serves to prevent the abuse of power and maintain a system of checks and balances within the government.

The separation of powers creates a framework in which each branch operates independently while still being interdependent. For instance, the legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch enforces those laws, and the judicial branch interprets them. This clear delineation of authority is critical for maintaining a democratic system and ensuring accountability.

While checks and balances also play a role in regulating the relationship between these branches, it primarily refers to how each branch can limit the powers of the others, rather than focusing on their specific responsibilities and functions. Federalism pertains to the division of power between national and state governments, and separation of authority does not represent a widely recognized principle in political theory. Thus, the concept of separation of powers directly addresses the distribution of responsibilities among the branches of government.