Which term describes a rule that allows a supermajority to set a time limit on debate over a bill?

The correct answer is "Cloture" because it specifically refers to a procedure used in the U.S. Senate to bring debate on a bill to a quick end, thereby allowing the legislative process to move forward. Cloture requires a supermajority, typically 60 out of 100 senators, to agree in order to limit the amount of time spent on debate, effectively setting a time limit. This mechanism is particularly important in ensuring that a minority of senators cannot indefinitely prolong discussions on a bill, facilitating legislative efficiency.

In contrast, a filibuster is an attempt to delay or block legislation by extending debate, often resulting in prolonged discussions. A veto is the power of the president to reject a bill passed by Congress, while logrolling refers to a practice where legislators agree to vote for each other's proposed bills, illustrating a different aspect of legislative negotiation and compromise. Therefore, cloture is the distinct process that specifically addresses the time limits on debate alongside the requirement for a supermajority.